Goal Multiplicity and Innovation
Ute Stephan, Petra Andries and Alain Daou
Originally published: September 8, 2019 (PDMA JPIM • Vol. 37, Issue 1 • March 2020)
Read time: 42 minutes
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Integrating insights from the strategic goal literature and the knowledge‐based view of the firm, this article proposes that the pursuit of social and economic strategic goals by commercial firms affects their innovation performance through different knowledge sourcing activities. The strategic goals, knowledge sourcing practices, and innovation performance of 1257 Belgian firms are investigated. Results show that both social and economic strategic goals are associated with the use of external information sources, but only the pursuit of social goals inspires firms to engage in external collaboration. No evidence is found of an inherent conflict between social and economic strategic goals. Instead, the two types of goals are independent of each other, that is, an emphasis on social goals does not preclude an emphasis on economic goals and vice versa. Moreover, firms’ external knowledge sourcing and innovation performance benefit most when strongly held social goals align with strongly held economic goals. These findings offer new insight into the nature and the effects of goal multiplicity among commercial firms. They open up a new perspective on the potential positive effects of the joint pursuit of social and economic strategic goals instead of seeing them as inherently conflicting, as past research has typically done. We illustrate how social strategic goals can deliver unique benefits to a firm, independently of and in addition to economic strategic goals. Our findings also contribute to the open innovation literature by revealing strategic goals as a driver of firms’ knowledge sourcing practices. Our findings suggest that solely emphasizing economic goals may be one reason why firms struggle to implement open innovation practices and do not reap their full benefits. The practical implications of our research are discussed.
Practitioner Points
- Commercial firms that endorse both strong social and economic strategic goals are able to access more external knowledge and have better innovation performance (their innovative goods and services are more successful in the marketplace).
- Firms that solely pursue economic goals may best focus their open innovation efforts on sourcing information from various external sources but stay away from collaboration efforts that require closer engagement with diverse stakeholders.
- Firms with strategic social goals are better at collaborating with external partners, which in turn boosts their innovation performance.
- Advisory boards, investors and policymakers should not force commercial firms to focus solely on economic goals. Pursuing social alongside economic goals can yield unique advantages for open innovation and firms’ competitive advantage.